Ideas & Impact › Resources › Benefits and Risks of Antiretroviral Therapy for Perinatal HIV Prevention

Randomized-trial data on the risks and benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HIV-infected pregnant women with high CD4 counts are lacking.

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Protecting Lives, Sustaining Progress

Published March 2026

The following landscape analysis of maternal and child health, HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and the historic strength of U.S. leadership in global aid provides an overview of these key areas of global health and recommendations for U.S. Congressional engagement and prioritization.

Topics:

Advocacy,

Children,

Global Health Security,

Health System Strengthening,

HIV,

Maternal and Child Health,

Mothers and Infants,

Women

Journal Articles

An integrated, multidisciplinary management team intervention to improve patient‑centeredness, HIV, and maternal‑child outcomes in Lesotho

Published December 2024

Background Reducing perinatal HIV transmission and optimizing maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in high HIV prevalence settings is an urgent, but complex, priority. Extant interventions over-emphasize individual-level provider and patient behaviors, and neglect critical health systems-level changes. The ‘Integrated Management Team to Improve Maternal-Child Outcomes (IMPROVE)’ study implemented a three-part, patient-centered, health-systems- level intervention […]

Topics:

Maternal and Child Health

Countries:

Lesotho

Journal Articles

A Longitudinal Assessment of Interruptions in HIV Clinic Visits and Virologic Failure among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the Kabeho Study

Published October 2024

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for women with HIV is recommended for life, yet most studies measure retention in HIV care and treatment as a binary outcome rather than patterns of intermittent clinic attendance. Pregnancy and the post-partum period are critical times to study interruptions in care, as retention among these women is particularly challenging and can […]

Topics:

Maternal and Child Health

Countries:

Rwanda