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Protecting Lives, Sustaining Progress
Published March 15, 2026
The following landscape analysis of maternal and child health, HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, and the historic strength of U.S. leadership in global aid provides an overview of these key areas of global health and recommendations for U.S. Congressional engagement and prioritization.
Topics:
Advocacy,
Children,
Global Health Security,
Health System Strengthening,
HIV,
Maternal and Child Health,
Mothers and Infants,
Women
Countries:
Global,
United States
Journal Articles
Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Uptake Among Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi: Children Left Behind
Published November 24, 2025
Background: Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for people living with HIV (PLHIV) to reduce the tuberculosis (TB) incidence in regions with a high prevalence of TB. We evaluated the uptake and completion of TPT among newly initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients in a programme setting in Malawi. Objectives: To describe TPT…
Topics:
Pediatric Tuberculosis (TB),
Tuberculosis (TB)
Countries:
Malawi
Journal Articles
An integrated, multidisciplinary management team intervention to improve patient‑centeredness, HIV, and maternal‑child outcomes in Lesotho
Published December 22, 2024
Background Reducing perinatal HIV transmission and optimizing maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in high HIV prevalence settings is an urgent, but complex, priority. Extant interventions over-emphasize individual-level provider and patient behaviors, and neglect critical health systems-level changes. The ‘Integrated Management Team to Improve Maternal-Child Outcomes (IMPROVE)’ study implemented a…
Topics:
Maternal and Child Health
Countries:
Lesotho
Journal Articles
Effect of integrating paediatric tuberculosis services into child healthcare services on case detection in Africa
Published December 18, 2024
Introduction Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) underdiagnosis is a critical concern. The INPUT stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial assessed the impact of integrating child TB services into child healthcare on TB case detection among children under age 5 years. Methods We compared the standard of care, providing TB care in specific TB clinics…
Topics:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Countries:
Cameroon,
Kenya
Journal Articles
Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents
Published October 31, 2024
The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents remains very significant. Several million children and adolescents are infected with TB each year worldwide following exposure to an infectious TB case and the risk of progression from TB infection to tuberculosis disease is higher in this group compared to adults.
Topics:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Journal Articles
Integrating SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing in maternal, neonatal and child health, HIV, and TB clinics in Kenya and Cameroon
Published October 30, 2024
Introduction: Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is key to preventing severe disease and poor outcomes in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and people living with HIV or diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). We assessed outcomes achieved with the integration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic testing (Ag-RDT) into maternal, neonatal and…
Topics:
Global Health Security,
Maternal and Child Health
Countries:
Cameroon,
Kenya
Journal Articles
A Longitudinal Assessment of Interruptions in HIV Clinic Visits and Virologic Failure among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the Kabeho Study
Published October 30, 2024
Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for women with HIV is recommended for life, yet most studies measure retention in HIV care and treatment as a binary outcome rather than patterns of intermittent clinic attendance. Pregnancy and the post-partum period are critical times to study interruptions in care, as retention among these women…
Topics:
Maternal and Child Health
Countries:
Rwanda
Journal Articles
Decentralisation and integration of paediatric tuberculosis services to primary healthcare facilities as an approach to optimise management in Cameroon and Kenya
Published October 30, 2024
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children less than 5 years. Diagnosis and treatment of children with active TB is often centralised in district hospital settings due to poor public health infrastructure and lack of diagnostic capabilities in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. This analysis…
Topics:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Countries:
Cameroon,
Kenya
Journal Articles
Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Transmission, and the HIV Reservoir
Published October 8, 2024
Recommendations on breastfeeding by persons living with HIV (PLWH) have shifted globally over time. Because the absolute risk for HIV transmission through breast milk in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is as high as 16% to 20%, recommendations for low-resource settings in the early 1990s initially emphasized replacement feeding…
Topics:
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT),
Research