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Issue Briefs
Accelerating Progress to Ending Pediatric HIV
Published March 30, 2026
We are at a critical inflection point for children affected by HIV. In 2024 alone, 120,000 children were newly infected, and, without timely treatment, half of HIV positive infants will not reach their second birthday. Children remain left behind—a child with HIV is 6 times more likely to die than…
Topics:
HIV,
Pediatric HIV
Countries:
Global
Fact Sheets
Journal Articles
Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Uptake Among Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi: Children Left Behind
Published November 24, 2025
Background: Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for people living with HIV (PLHIV) to reduce the tuberculosis (TB) incidence in regions with a high prevalence of TB. We evaluated the uptake and completion of TPT among newly initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients in a programme setting in Malawi. Objectives: To describe TPT…
Topics:
Pediatric Tuberculosis (TB),
Tuberculosis (TB)
Countries:
Malawi
Journal Articles
Effect of integrating paediatric tuberculosis services into child healthcare services on case detection in Africa
Published December 18, 2024
Introduction Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) underdiagnosis is a critical concern. The INPUT stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial assessed the impact of integrating child TB services into child healthcare on TB case detection among children under age 5 years. Methods We compared the standard of care, providing TB care in specific TB clinics…
Topics:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Countries:
Cameroon,
Kenya
Journal Articles
Tuberculosis Infection in Children and Adolescents
Published October 31, 2024
The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents remains very significant. Several million children and adolescents are infected with TB each year worldwide following exposure to an infectious TB case and the risk of progression from TB infection to tuberculosis disease is higher in this group compared to adults.
Topics:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Journal Articles
Decentralisation and integration of paediatric tuberculosis services to primary healthcare facilities as an approach to optimise management in Cameroon and Kenya
Published October 30, 2024
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children less than 5 years. Diagnosis and treatment of children with active TB is often centralised in district hospital settings due to poor public health infrastructure and lack of diagnostic capabilities in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities. This analysis…
Topics:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Countries:
Cameroon,
Kenya
Journal Articles
Follow-Up Outcomes of Children, Adolescents, and Young People on Darunavir-Based Third-Line Antiretroviral Therapy
Published October 30, 2024
Background: We assessed clinical outcomes among children, adolescents, and people younger than 25 years on darunavir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 9 sub-Saharan African countries. Setting: Third-line ART centers in Cameroon, Eswatini, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2022, we collected data from a cohort of…
Topics:
Adolescents,
Pediatric HIV
Countries:
Cameroon,
Eswatini,
Kenya,
Lesotho,
Nigeria,
Rwanda,
Uganda,
Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Issue Briefs
Building a Future of Health
Published October 2, 2024
An Unspoken Crisis: Children Are Being Left Behind In 2022, one child died every six seconds. The causes of most of those deaths were preventable. This is unacceptable. Whereas countries have the tools and knowledge to end preventable deaths and suffering in children, children face inequalities in access to health…
Topics:
Pediatric HIV,
Tuberculosis (TB)
Issue Briefs
Building Trust for Global Health
Published October 2, 2024
Most causes of deaths in children could be prevented with effective treatment and interventions that are feasible for implementation, even in resource-constrained settings. However, appropriate medicines to save and improve the lives of infants and children often do not exist, are unavailable, or are not quality assured. This puts children’s…
Topics:
HIV,
Pediatric HIV